What is the expression of vitamin b1 deficiency and how to supplement it?
Vitamin B1 is thiamine, the active type in the body is thiamine pyrophosphate, once lack, can cause a series of nervous system for the circulatory system symptoms, called beriberi. Vitamin B1 is water-soluble, and can not be synthesized by human body except by intestinal bacteria. It comes from food and is often co-existing with other B vitamins in food. It is abundant in cereals, nuts, animal viscera, eggs and yeast, but less in human milk and breast milk, and cereal is mostly found in ectoderm (bran and bran). Therefore, it is easy to lose when refining, excessive washing of rice can cause losses, and cooking with alkali can also be destroyed.
Etiology of vitamin B1 deficiency:
- Insufficient intake: the daily intake requirement of normal adult males is 1.2~1.5mg and females is 1.0~1.1mg, which is related to energy demand and generally not less than 0.5mg/1000 kcal. Vitamin B1 is rich in yeast, animal tissue, beans, peanuts, wheat, brown rice, grain locust or improper storage, mildew and deterioration, vitamin B1 can be lost. Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin. It is not resistant to high temperature under alkaline conditions, so it can be lost or destroyed with rice soup and vegetable soup. In addition, loss of appetite, heavy drinking, long-term intravenous nutrition patients can cause insufficient intake of vitamin B1.
- Increased demand: under physiological conditions, such as flourishing growth and development, pregnancy and lactation. People who work hard and exercise, or eat a diet high in carbohydrates, low in fat, and low in protein, have an increased need for vitamin B1. In pathological conditions, such as thyrotoxicosis, chronic fever, and chronic wasting disease, vitamin B1 requirement is also increased.
- Absorption disorders: chronic diarrhea, intestinal tuberculosis, enteric typhoid and other diseases can cause vitamin B1 absorption disorders. Alcohol abuse, chronic malnutrition, and folic acid deficiency may also cause malabsorption.
- Increased breakdown: Eating certain foods containing thiamine enzymes, such as sashimi, oysters, shrimp, coffee, tea, and other plants, oxidizes vitamins and reduces thiamine levels in the body.
- Increased excretion: When using diuretics, vitamin B1 can be lost too much. In addition, vitamin B1 can also be lost during hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or diarrhea.
How to supplement Vitamin B1:
Vitamin B1 is widely found in natural food, and its content varies with different types of food. At the same time, it is also affected by processing and cooking, so we should pay attention to the following points:
- Adjust diet structure. The finer rice noodles are processed, the less vitamin B1 content is. Therefore, do not always give children to eat white rice noodles. On the premise of not affecting children's appetite, it is necessary to match the thickness and fine, eat a variety of beans and other grains, such as millet, mung beans and other foods, which are rich in vitamin B1, and increase the proportion of meat in the diet appropriately.
- Improve cooking methods to improve the utilization rate and retention rate of vitamin B1 in food. If the method of fishing rice is not good, the method of steaming rice without discarding juice should be advocated. Because the vitalife B1 in flour is more stable in acidic environment, but is easily destroyed in alkaline environment, so it is not suitable to add alkali to the dough, and the use of fresh yeast should be advocated. When you cook noodles, about 50% of B1 is lost to the soup, so. If you eat noodles, drink some soup to make the most of the nutrients in the soup. Because high temperature frying and alkali will destroy the vitamin B1 in the dough, you should eat less fried food such as deep-fried dough sticks and pancakes.